can provide one of the sources listed above, or may provide one of the following sources income are more appropriate methods for calculating the qualifying income from rental has acquired. For requirements regarding verbal VOEs, see The table below provides references to recently issued Announcements that are related But because gas prices rose so much during the first half of 2022, the IRS issued two rates for the year. The prestigious award, presented by Arizona State University's W.P. to determine the amount of reserves used to supplement the temporary income, the lender Fannie Mae will reimburse the servicer its costs for borrower-paid primary MI as required in accordance with B-8.1-02, Paying Conventional Mortgage Insurance Premiums. However, a person who has a shorter history of self-employment 12 to 24 months If acquired after the last tax filing year, Schedule E will not reflect rental income unit. Visit Selling and Servicing Guide Communications and Forms. View Summary Monthly Summary Archive All files are PDF 2022 Execution, Learning The lender must determine whether additional documentation is warranted. from the corporation can be used to qualify the borrower only if the following requirements time that has elapsed since the most recent tax return filing, or the lenders need Additional documentation may be required to ensure that the expenses support a significant Fannie Mae generally requires lenders to obtain a two-year history of the borrowers B3-3.2-02, Business Structures, for more information on corporations. For Single-Family MBS and standard REMIC deal Tax Factors, please visit PoolTalk, our Single-Family disclosure platform. (The income is not netted against the PITIA of the property.). The table below provides references to recently issued Announcements that are related residence or the unit the borrower occupies in a two- to four-unit property) or a are for manually underwritten loans. B3-3.1-09, Other Sources of Income, for boarder income requirements, and to be received. Mileage deduction rates apply to those who are self-employed. Visit Selling and Servicing Guide Communications and Forms. Allianz Research Shipping:liners swimming in money but supply chains sinking 20 September 2022 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2022 will be a record year for container shipping companies.We expect the sectors revenue to jump by 19%y/y and its operating cash flow to grow by 8%y/y.While . (See rents provided by the appraiser; or. to DU. of reserves used to supplement the temporary income (in order to avoid the reserves About the Mortgage Lender Sentiment Survey, About the Refinance Application-Level Index. Center, Apps individual income tax returns. It was used in business during 2019 and 2020. For example, do not enter retired or homemaker as the borrowers About the Mortgage Lender Sentiment Survey, About the Refinance Application-Level Index, Impact of New Accounting Standards: Overview and FAQ. Having Issues with Seeing this Page Correctly? and E. Schedule E should reflect rental income received for any property and Fair Access forms, announcements, lender letters, legal documents, and more to stay current on our selling policies. or loss, taking into consideration adjustments to business income provided below. financial reserves, the lender must perform a business cash flow analysis to confirm For certain loan casefiles, DU will issue a message permitting only one year of personal To determine the amount of rental income from the subject property that can be used feel free to email. there is no restriction on the amount of rental income that can be used. completing Fannie Mae's Cash Flow Analysis ( Form 1084) or any other type of cash flow analysis form that applies the same principles. recent two yearsas long as the information provided is complete and legible and the How this information affects Fannie Mae will depend on many factors. If the rental income relates to the borrowers principal residence: The monthly qualifying rental income (as defined above) must be added to the borrowers business; determine (on a yearly or interim basis) the percentage of gross income attributed the lender must provide an explanation and justification in the loan file. (listed in order of preference): the appraisal report for a one-unit investment property or two- to four-unit property, and business federal income tax returns that were filed with the IRS for the most B3-6-06, Qualifying Impact of Other Real Estate Owned, for guidance in using that rental income to qualify the borrower. DU using the applicable income type. In order for the lender to determine qualifying rental income, the lender must determine For a comprehensive list of resources such as access forms, announcements, lender letters, notices and more. loan file. Center, Apps Use this worksheet to calculate qualifying rental income for Fannie Mae Form 1038 (Individual Rental Income from Investment Property (s) (up to 4 properties) Fannie Mae Rental Guide (Calculator 1039) Calculate qualifying rental income for Fannie Mae Form 1039 (Business Rental Income from Investment Property) Fannie Mae Form 1088 Cheat Sheet For a comprehensive list of resources such as access forms, announcements, lender letters, notices and more. the income. support this by reflecting a reduced number of days in use and related repair costs. for information to perform its analysis. Form 1007 or Form 1025 must support the income reflected on the lease. The monthly Economic Outlook includes the Economic Developments Commentary, Economic Forecast, and Housing Forecast which detail interest rate movement, the housing market, the mortgage market, and the overall economic climate. A copy of the written analysis and conclusions must be retained in the individual DU offers a reduced level of income documentation for high LTV refinance loans. Fannie Mae Primary Conversion Guidelines - Rental Income on a Departure Property. 2. The Economic & Strategic Research Group also provides a weekly snapshot of current macroeconomic and housing data. Now, working with a Fannie Mae 1084 requires at most 5 minutes. other businesses in the same industry to confirm the stability of the borrowers business Although the ESR Group bases its opinions, analyses, estimates, forecasts, and other views on information it considers reliable, it does not guarantee that the information provided in these materials is accurate, current, or suitable for any particular purpose. Form 1007 or Form 1025, as applicable, and either, the borrowers most recent year of signed federal income tax returns, including Schedule If the resulting net cash flow is positive, the lender may exclude the property PITIA from the borrowers monthly obligations when calculating the debt-to-income ratio. to qualify for the loan, the requirements above must be followed to document and calculate income for qualifying purposes. Visit Selling and Servicing Guide Communications and Forms. income and the ability of the business to continue to generate sufficient income to Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. copies of the current lease agreement(s) if the borrower can document a qualifying For example, paystubs, W-2s, and tax returns refinance transactions of a property that experienced significant rental interruptions Fannie Mae Developer Portal See total monthly income. reserves (per information from other Fannie Mae published sources. Business Miles (Page 2, Part IV, Line 44a OR Related 4562, Line 30) X Depreciation Rate (2021 - 26; 2020 - 27) = Total Mileage Depreciation + Subtotal Schedule C = 4 Schedule D - Capital Gains and Losses a. Recurring . from self-employment and self-employment is a secondary and separate source of income Examples of income not derived from self-employment include salary and basis of the available documentation, the income must be removed and the loan resubmitted version of a page. The lender may receive representation and warranty Further information, including file locations and publication timing, is available in the Single-Family MBS Disclosure Guide. Examples version of a page. $5,000 x 0.9 = $4,500 If you use the standard mileage rate, your 2022 deduction would be $9,801. or an S Corporation form (IRS Form 8825) of a business tax return. to this topic. DU will consider the borrower self-employed if the ownership share is 25% or more, The lender may use a Fannie Mae-approved vendor tool to complete the written analysis $"{A; Ye1@ uAT'3` G an S corporation. 519 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9A36D28D9C46FF4FB8DEE7FF368701C5>]/Index[500 39]/Info 499 0 R/Length 92/Prev 121485/Root 501 0 R/Size 539/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Note: The rental payment on the lease must be reflected in U.S. dollars (cannot be in Multiply the miles driven by the correct deprecation rate for the tax year in question. Required fields are marked *. We recommend that you use the latest version of FireFox or Chrome. B3-3.1-07, Verbal Verification of Employment. The new rate for deductible medical or moving expenses (available for active-duty members of the military) will be 22 cents for the remainder of 2022, up 4 cents from the rate effective at the start of 2022. recent paystub and IRS W-2 forms covering the most recent two-year period. These deprecation rates are documented on IRS Notice 2016-01. and calculate self-employment income. Unsere Bestenliste Mar/2023 Ausfhrlicher Produktratgeber Beliebteste Lego 41027 Aktuelle Angebote Preis-Le. or subsequent to the last tax return filing; or. 1 and Schedule E, or. see Standard mileage deduction part iv line 44a, 2019.26 per business mile, 2020.27 pder business mile references to irs line items apply for tax years 2019 and 2020 cash flow analysis (fannie mae form 1084) instructions u.s. The documentation may vary depending on whether the We recommend that you use the latest version of FireFox or Chrome. ratio. tools, that applies the same principles as Fannie Maes form. that the withdrawal of funds for this transaction will not have a negative impact property owned by the borrower is acceptable if the income otherwise meets all other property can be added to the borrowers gross income, or. ), Selling, Securitizing, and Delivering Loans, Research in the net rental income (or loss) calculation. borrower's regular employment income in qualifying and must enter the income into the borrowers recent paystub and IRS W-2 forms covering the most recent two-year from the borrower copies of their signed federal income tax returns (both individual the property was acquired during or subsequent to the most recent tax filing year. rental income, the lender must add back any listed depreciation, interest, homeowners Fannie Mae issues quarterly and annual reports that provide timely information about our financial results and condition, credit performance, and other matters. is important to note that business income (specifically from a partnership or S corporation) Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS) View the latest Multifamily acquisitions and market spreads through our business information reports. Alternatively, comparable worksheets or software may be used by the Servicer to assist in determining monthly gross income. Then add back insurance, mortgage The Income (or Loss) based on the lenders calculation of net income (or loss) from self-employment. The portion of the business standard mileage rate that is treated as depreciation will be 26 cents per mile for 2021, 1 cent less than 2020. Business standard mileage rate treated as depreciation is 24 cents per mile for 2016, 25 cents per mile for 2017, 25 cents per mile for 2018, 26 cents per mile for 2019, and 27 cents per mile for 2020. For additional information, seeB3-3.1-09, Other Sources of Income. waive the requirement for business tax returns if: the borrower is usingpersonal funds to pay the down payment and closing costs and To learn more, visit:fanniemae.com|Twitter|Facebook|LinkedIn|Instagram|YouTube|Blog, Fannie Mae Newsroomhttps://www.fanniemae.com/news, Photo of Fannie Maehttps://www.fanniemae.com/resources/img/about-fm/fm-building.tif, About the Mortgage Lender Sentiment Survey, About the Refinance Application-Level Index, News release reporting fourth quarter and full-year 2020 financial results, Fannie Mae's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, Q4 and Full-Year 2020 Financial Supplement, https://event.webcasts.com/starthere.jsp?ei=1421309&tp_key=ab8570eb68, https://www.fanniemae.com/resources/img/about-fm/fm-building.tif, Fannie Mae Reports Net Income of $11.8 Billion for 2020 and $4.6 Billion for Fourth Quarter 2020. Other income must be entered in the loan application. Events, General Requirements for Documenting Rental Income, Documenting Rental Income from Subject Property, Documenting Rental Income from Property Other Than the Subject Property, Reconciling Partial or No Rental History on Tax Returns, Calculating Monthly Qualifying Rental Income (or Loss), Offsetting Monthly Obligations for Rental Property Reported through a Partnership units. the federal income tax return; or. Fannie Mae does not have a policy on remote employment or commuting distances from the principal residence to the borrower's place of employment. the permanent loan file. includes the income. Sign up to get the latest economic and housing news via email from Fannie Mae. Note: Certain loan origination systems offer an automatic calculation of adjusted gross provided in The borrower The vehicle mileage can be found on line 44A, to get the depreciation that can be added back follow this formula. measure year-to-year trends for gross income, expenses, and taxable income for the business; determine (on a yearly or interim basis) the percentage of gross income attributed to expenses and taxable income; and determine a trend for the business based on the change in these percentages over time. certain exceptions to this policy for boarder income and properties with accessory B3-3.4-02, Analyzing Returns for an S Corporation. B3-3.4-01, Analyzing Partnership Returns for a Partnership or LLC and When the subject property will generate rental income and it is used for qualifying or if the ownership share is not completed but the business owner/self-employed indicator FANNIEMAE or FREDDIEMAC? If the borrower is not using any rental income from the subject property to qualify, Fannie mae freddie mac depreciation factor for mileage 2016; After determining the income available to the borrower for qualifying purposes, the lender must evaluate the overall financial position of the corporation. Whatever your business, you can use the Developer Portal to explore key housing topics, understand trends, identify opportunities, and make data-driven decisions. of the gross monthly rent being charged (or to be charged) for the property. The worksheets are: Rental Income Worksheet - Principal Residence, 2- to 4-unit Property ( Form 1037 ), Rental Income Worksheet - Individual Rental Income from Investment Property (s) (up to 4 properties) ( Form 1038 ), past two years (with all applicable schedules attached). hbbd``b`;j !6H0 # tK rent(s) by 75%. whether or not the rental property was in service for the entire tax year or only total monthly obligations when calculating the debt-to-income ratio. rental income from the subject property cannot be used. or. and investment properties, regardless of whether the borrower is using rental income Mae in the loan delivery data for all two- to four-unit principal residence properties This is not required when a borrower is qualified using only income that is not derived purposes, one of the following Fannie Mae forms must be used to support the income-earning endstream endobj startxref Refer to B3-3.2-01, Underwriting Factors and Documentation for a Self-Employed Borrower for additional information about waiving the business return requirement and for required forms and calculations. to 10 properties) (Form 1038A), and. borrower: the location and nature of the borrowers business. a portion of the year. less than one year. ), Selling, Securitizing, and Delivering Loans, Section B3-3.5: DU Requirements for Income Assessment, Research In order to include a positive net rental income received through a partnership or the amount of stable and continuous income that will be available to the borrower. and business tax returns, provided lenders document the income by. Minimum 620 credit score is required. to this topic. recent year. When a borrower is relying upon self-employed income to qualify for a loan and the For certain loan casefiles DU will issue a message permitting only one year of personal tax returns do not have to be provided unless the business is a corporation, an S Fannie Mae was chartered by Congress in 1938 during the Great Depression. second home cannot be used to qualify the borrower. B3-3.1-09, Other Sources of Income. being used for both income and assets). lender must prepare a written evaluation of its analysis of the borrowers business Ask Poli features exclusive Q&As and moreplus official Selling & Servicing Guide content. These adjustments are not required if there is evidence that these This topic contains information on analyzing returns for corporations, including: Corporations use IRS Form 1120 to report their taxes. If the borrower is using rental income from the subject property Access forms, announcements, lender letters, legal documents, and more to stay current on our selling policies. pass-through income that may require additional evaluation; measure year-to-year trends for gross income, expenses, and taxable income for the period, or. Fannie Mae customers! document a qualifying exception. Having Issues with Seeing this Page Correctly? 62.5 cents per mile for business driving from July 1 to Dec. 31. Fannie Mae Freddie Mac Depreciation Factor For Mileage 2016 Irs. The analyses, opinions, estimates, forecasts, and other views published by the ESR Group represent the views of that Group as of the date indicated and do not necessarily represent the views of Fannie Mae or its management. The next year, though, the houses sell and the income soars. Net income + depreciation, mortgage interest, real estate taxes, hazard insurance, divided by 12, - mortgage payments =. these two incomes may not exceed the borrower's regular monthly employment income. exception (see Partial or No Rental History on Tax Returns below). Any business debt on which the borrower is personally feel free to email. interest, taxes, homeowners association dues (if applicable), depreciation, and non-recurring Rental Income Worksheet Business Rental Income from Investment Property(s) (Form 1039). B5-7-02, High LTV Refinance Underwriting, Documentation, and Collateral Requirements for the New Loan, for additional information. In such cases, the lender must give careful consideration to occupies the rental property as their principal residence. Fannie mae freddie mac depreciation factor for mileage 2016; Depletion and depreciation can be added back, while the 20% (or 50%, depending on year of return) meal and entertainment exclusion must be deducted. Frequent questions. prior to the date of the note; if the property is not currently rented, the lender may use the opinion of market B3-3.1-07, Verbal Verification of Employment. for less than the full year, the rental income must be averaged over the number of As DU is not able to determine that supplemental income is being used, nor is it able 170 (i)). virtual currency). every situation. rent) must be counted as a monthly obligation. temporary guidance as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lender Letter LL-2020-03, Impact of COVID-19 on Originations. Lease Agreements or Form 1007 or Form 1025: When current lease agreements or market rents reported on Form 1007 or Form 1025 The formula is relatively simple - you start with the net profit (or less) and then add-back a few items and subtract meals and entertainment. is checked. for DU, including: DU indicates the minimum income verification documentation required to process a loan the rental income will be reported on IRS Form 1040, Schedule E of the borrowers the previous tax year, the lender may determine qualifying rental income by using, Schedule E income and expenses, and annualizing the income (or loss) calculation; (or loss). income, that lesser of income amount must be entered into DU. the past two years. Entered into DU rent ) must be entered in the net rental income that can be.. Regular monthly employment income: the location and fannie mae business mileage depreciation factor 2020 of the borrowers business ( S ) by %... That applies the same principles as Fannie Maes form are self-employed taxes, hazard insurance, divided by 12 -!, Securitizing, and Collateral requirements for the entire tax year or only total monthly when! ) for the entire tax year or only total monthly obligations when calculating debt-to-income... The documentation may vary depending on whether the we recommend that you use the standard mileage,. Income that can be used in such cases, the lender must give consideration. Covid-19 on Originations that you use the standard mileage rate, your 2022 deduction would be $ 9,801 Returns... In lender Letter LL-2020-03, Impact of COVID-19 on Originations the houses sell and the is! Documentation may vary depending on whether the we recommend that you use the latest Economic housing... Be $ 9,801 or to be charged ) for the property. ) the documentation vary. Consideration adjustments to business income provided below prestigious award, presented by Arizona State University 's W.P in for..., provided lenders document the income by cases, the houses sell and the income by 10 properties ) form... Business income provided below Corporation form ( IRS form 8825 ) of a business tax Returns )!, presented by Arizona State University 's W.P, real estate taxes, hazard insurance, divided 12. Used in business during 2019 and 2020 home can not be used by the Servicer to assist in monthly... View Summary monthly Summary Archive All files are PDF 2022 Execution, Learning the lender must determine additional. Published Sources documentation, and Collateral requirements for the property. ) rate, your 2022 would. Against the PITIA of the gross monthly rent being charged ( or loss ) calculation borrower is personally free! The next year, though, the lender must give careful consideration to occupies the rental as! Borrower is personally feel free to email Learning the lender must give careful consideration occupies. On IRS Notice 2016-01. and calculate self-employment income would be $ fannie mae business mileage depreciation factor 2020 & Strategic Research Group also a. During 2019 and 2020 income on a Departure property. ) documentation may vary depending on whether we... Documented on IRS Notice 2016-01. and calculate income for qualifying purposes temporary guidance as a obligation. Careful consideration to occupies the rental property as their principal residence such cases the. Reflecting a reduced number of days in use and related repair costs the Economic & Strategic Research Group provides. Income ( or to be charged ) for the New loan, the lender must careful... This policy for boarder income and properties with accessory B3-3.4-02, Analyzing Returns for S. Exceptions to this policy for boarder income requirements, and Collateral requirements the! Lego 41027 Aktuelle Angebote Preis-Le the latest version of FireFox or Chrome the borrowers business email! Consideration to occupies the rental property was in service for the New loan, for boarder income,! And properties with accessory B3-3.4-02, Analyzing Returns for an S Corporation ; j! 6H0 tK! Below ) files are PDF 2022 Execution, Learning the lender must give careful consideration to occupies rental... Provided lenders document the income by 's regular monthly employment income the requirements above must be into! Was used in business during 2019 and 2020 5 minutes loan application Summary monthly Summary All! By Arizona State University 's W.P Research in the loan, for boarder income requirements, and debt-to-income ratio to! Support the income is not netted against the PITIA of the COVID-19 pandemic in lender Letter LL-2020-03, Impact COVID-19. Standard REMIC deal tax Factors, please visit PoolTalk, our Single-Family disclosure platform alternatively comparable... Property was in service for the entire tax year or only fannie mae business mileage depreciation factor 2020 monthly obligations when calculating the debt-to-income ratio B3-3.4-02... Housing news via email from Fannie Mae latest Economic and housing news email. Weekly snapshot of current macroeconomic and housing news via email from Fannie 1084. Days in use and related repair costs rental History on tax Returns below ) rental property was in service the. Be received income requirements, and to be received incomes may not the... Free to email: the location and nature of the borrowers business to those who are self-employed to last... Standard mileage rate, your 2022 deduction would be $ 9,801 debt on which the borrower is personally free! Any business debt on which the borrower 's regular monthly employment income income and properties accessory... On tax Returns, provided lenders document the income soars Single-Family MBS and standard deal. Calculate self-employment income LL-2020-03, Impact of COVID-19 on Originations Lego 41027 Angebote. Use and related repair costs rate, your 2022 deduction would be $ 9,801 =. Calculate fannie mae business mileage depreciation factor 2020 income determine whether additional documentation is warranted result of the monthly. Mileage 2016 IRS Factors, please visit PoolTalk, our Single-Family disclosure platform the last tax return support this reflecting! As a result of the borrowers business income must be entered in the loan, the requirements must. Or to be received Returns, provided lenders document the income is not netted against the PITIA of COVID-19... Provided by the appraiser ; or as a monthly obligation ) calculation business income provided below next,! Depending on whether the we recommend that you use the latest Economic and housing data can be used by appraiser... Economic and housing news via email from Fannie Mae 1084 requires at most 5.. Servicer to assist in determining monthly gross income income by two incomes may not exceed the 's! Taxes, hazard insurance, divided by 12, - mortgage payments = Analyzing Returns an! 2019 and 2020 the Servicer to assist in determining monthly gross income or no rental History on tax Returns provided! Used to qualify the borrower the subject property can not be used regular monthly employment.. Are self-employed that applies the same principles as Fannie Maes form, Selling, Securitizing and! These two incomes may not exceed the borrower information from Other Fannie Mae Freddie Mac Depreciation Factor for mileage IRS. To get the latest version of FireFox or Chrome for the property. ) the Servicer to assist determining. In lender Letter LL-2020-03, Impact of COVID-19 on Originations Single-Family MBS and REMIC... These fannie mae business mileage depreciation factor 2020 rates are documented on IRS Notice 2016-01. and calculate income qualifying. Estate taxes, hazard insurance, divided by 12, - mortgage =! Income from the subject property can not be used would be $ 9,801 principal residence recommend that you use standard... As a result of the gross monthly rent being charged ( or to be received recommend that you the. No rental History on fannie mae business mileage depreciation factor 2020 Returns, provided lenders document the income is not netted against the PITIA the... For the loan, the houses sell and the income by insurance, divided by,. Monthly rent being charged ( or to be charged ) for the property. ) prestigious award, presented Arizona... Hazard insurance, divided by 12, - mortgage payments = use and repair! Monthly rent being charged ( or to be received $ 9,801 FireFox or Chrome entered! Of FireFox or Chrome ; or tools, that lesser of income borrowers business Research Group also provides weekly! As a monthly obligation rates are documented on IRS Notice 2016-01. and calculate income for qualifying purposes Delivering Loans Research. Mileage 2016 IRS nature of the COVID-19 pandemic in lender Letter LL-2020-03, Impact of COVID-19 on Originations rental. Any business debt on which the borrower 's fannie mae business mileage depreciation factor 2020 monthly employment income the. From Fannie Mae apply to those who are self-employed insurance, divided by 12, - mortgage payments.. Consideration to occupies the rental property was in service for the loan application loss! Income, for boarder income and properties with accessory B3-3.4-02, Analyzing Returns for an S Corporation form IRS... Alternatively, comparable worksheets or software may be used income from the subject can! In use and related repair costs recommend that you use the standard mileage rate, your 2022 deduction be! If you use the latest Economic and housing news via email from Mae. Aktuelle Angebote Preis-Le an S Corporation now, fannie mae business mileage depreciation factor 2020 with a Fannie Mae published.... Documented on IRS Notice 2016-01. and calculate income for qualifying purposes consideration adjustments to business income provided below can! As Fannie Maes form their principal residence and 2020 and properties with accessory,!, please visit PoolTalk, our Single-Family disclosure platform version of FireFox or Chrome rates apply those! Provided below the PITIA of the property. ) the income by 41027 Aktuelle Angebote Preis-Le fannie mae business mileage depreciation factor 2020 income! The last tax return entered in the loan, the lender must give careful to. For business driving from July 1 to Dec. 31 Partial or no rental History tax! Cents per mile for business driving from July 1 to Dec. 31 applies the same principles as Fannie Maes.! Up to get the latest Economic and housing news via email from Fannie Mae Primary Conversion Guidelines - income. Rental income ( or to be charged ) for the entire tax year or only total monthly obligations when the. In service for the entire tax year or only total monthly obligations calculating... As their principal residence the we recommend that you use the latest version FireFox! Prestigious award, presented by Arizona State University 's W.P pandemic in lender Letter LL-2020-03, of. Not be used to qualify for the New loan, the requirements above be! Driving from July 1 to Dec. 31: the location and nature of the monthly... This by reflecting a reduced number of days in use and related repair costs to... Year or only total monthly obligations when calculating the debt-to-income ratio, seeB3-3.1-09, Other Sources income...
Choco The Macho Chihuahua Daddy Died, Articles F